Using an Android Emulator, you can have a variety of configurations to simulate different devices. Each configuration is called a virtual device. When you test your app on the emulator, you select a pre-configured virtual device that simulates a physical Android device.

You can also connect a physical Android device to your machine for testing and debugging the Android app. You can do this over WiFi or a direct USB link.

Refer to the following Microsoft documentation for details on testing and debugging Xamarin Android Apps: